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PHP 5.0对象模型深度探索之类的静态成员 - 站长搜索
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PHP 5.0对象模型深度探索之类的静态成员

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2014-12-14 19:27:04 转载来源: 网络整理/侵权必删

类的静态成员与一般的类成员不同: 静态成员与对象的实例无关,只与类本身有关。他们用来实现类要封装的功能和数据,但不包括特定对象的功能和数据,静态成员包括静态方法和静态属性

类的静态成员与一般的类成员不同: 静态成员与对象的实例无关,只与类本身有关。他们用来实现类要封装的功能和数据,但不包括特定对象的功能和数据,静态成员包括静态方法和静态属性。

  静态属性包含在类中要封装的数据,可以由所有类的实例共享。实际上,除了属于一个固定的类并限制访问方式外,类的静态属性非常类似于函数的全局变量。

  我们在下例中使用了一个静态属性Counter::$count。它属于Counter类,而不属于任何Counter的实例。你不能用this来引用它,但可以用self或其它有效的命名表达。在例子中,getCount方法返回self::$count,而不是Counter::$count。

  静态方法则实现类需要封装的功能,与特定的对象无关. 静态方法非常类似于全局函数. 静态方法可以完全访问类的属性,也可以由对象的实例来访问,不论访问的限定语是否是什么.

  在前文的例子中,getCount是一个普通的方法,用->来调用. PHP建立一个this变量,尽管方法没有使用到.但是,getCount不属于任何对象.在有些情况下,我们甚至希望在不存在有效的对象时调用它,那么就应该使用静态方法. PHP将不在静态方法内部建立this变量,即使你从一个对象中调用它们.

  例子6.7由6.3改变getCount为静态方法而来. Static关键字不能阻止一个实例用->运算符来调用getCount,但PHP将不在方法内部建立this变量.如果你使用this->来调用,将会出错.

//6.3例指第四节--构造函数和析构函数中的例子(参看前文),通过两个例子的比较,你可以很好掌握
//static方法与普通方法之间的区别.

  你可以写一个方法通过判断this是否建立来显示是否它被静态地或者非静态地调用. 当然,如果你用了static 关键字,不管它怎样被调用,这个方法总是静态的.

  你的类也可以定义常量属性,不需要使用public static,只需要用const关键字即可. 常量属性总是静态的.它们是类的属性,而不是实例化该类的对象的属性.

Listing 6.7 Static members


class Counter 

 private static $count = 0; 
 const VERSION = 2.0; 

 function __construct() 
 { 
  self::$count++; 
 } 

 function __destruct() 
 { 
  self::$count--; 
 } 

 static function getCount() 
 { 
  return self::$count; 
 } 
}; 

//创建一个实例,则__construct()将执行 
$c = new Counter(); 

//输出 1 
print(Counter::getCount() . "n"); 

//输出类的版本属性 
print("Version used: " . Counter::VERSION . "n"); 
?>

标签: PHP 对象 模型 深度 探索 之类 静态 成员


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