告诉你为什么公共WiFi不安全

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2014-12-01 14:51:47 转载来源: 网络整理/侵权必删

站长搜索（www.adminso.com）：告诉你为什么公共WiFi不安全我们经常会听到来自安全专家的警告，公共WiFi不安全，请谨慎连接。这些警告确实都是正确的，有非常大比例的公共WiFi点存在安全隐患

站长搜索（www.adminso.com）：告诉你为什么公共 WiFi 不安全

我们经常会听到来自安全专家的警告，公共WiFi不安全，请谨慎连接。

这些警告确实都是正确的，有非常大比例的公共WiFi点存在安全隐患。曾有一份抽样安全调查显示，全国8万个公共WiFi中有21%存在风险。

不过安全专家们对其中危害很少做原理性质的说明，大家只能知其然而不知其所以然。我们知道连上公共WiFi后可能会被盗取各种账号，但为什么会被盗号却不太清楚。

▲监听软件Wireshark正在工作

为什么呢？嗯，这就是一篇原理性质的讲解。通常来说，连上公共WiFi后，我们可能面临两类攻击。

内网监听攻击

简单的说，就是在一个共同的网络内，攻击者可以很容易地窃听你上网的内容，包括网盘上传的照片、刚发的微博等等。

有两种方式，一种ARP攻击，用过几年前只有1Mb、2Mb宽带的人会比较熟悉，有人开迅雷下载了就马上用p2p限速软件，这种软件就是用的ARP攻击。它在你的手机/电脑和路由之间伪造成中转站，不但可以看到所有经过流量，还能对流量进行限速。

另外一种是网卡的混杂模式监听，它可以收到网内所有的广播流量。这个有条件限制，就是网络内有在广播的设备，比如HUB。大家在公司或网吧经常可以看到HUB，一个“一条网线进，几十条网线出”的扩充设备。如果这个公共WiFi内有这类设施，通常你上网的流量可能可以被窃听。

应对以上两种方式的防护手法也都很成熟了，分别是ARP防火墙、流量加密（买一个SSL VPN）。

伪造WiFi攻击

上述是说，如果你正在连着一个公共WiFi，可能遭受的攻击。但还有另外一种情况，你连过公共WiFi后，就可以被攻击。

来看一个（虚构）案例，小王曾经连过中移动的CMCC网络上网，一次Ta在地铁上发现，手机居然自动连上了“CMCC”的WiFi，但平常这列地铁上是木有CMCC信号呀？而且还可以上网，Ta感觉很奇怪，马上把WiFi关掉，不过手机上装着的各类软件在后台都连过网了。回家登陆网盘一看，里边多了一份“Hacking by Helen”的txt文档。

听起来很神奇对吧？原理可很简单呢。自带3G路由，做一个“CMCC”的无密码WiFi，在里边配置将所有流量都经过你的监控软件，接下来的事情就和前边一样拉。这里利用了一个小漏洞，你的手机/电脑会自动连接以前连接过的所有WiFi，刚好CMCC又是无密码的，伪造特方便。

至于网盘，App主动联网同步，很多都是用cookies值和一些特定值做验证，拿到这些数据就可以在电脑上伪造成这个App ID登陆。

伪造WiFi攻击是利用“自动连接”的这个设置项，可以通过“不自动连接”来防护。不过这个似乎较麻烦，小编手上三台设备，Windows针对每个WiFi，有单独的是否自动连接配置；MIUI类似；iOS则是“询问是否加入网络”，不过打开与否都会自动连接，较奇怪。所以，最简单的方法还是出门顺手关WiFi了，也省电。

后记

大家现在可能还能听到一些安全WiFi的说法，不过是否真正能阻挡上述攻击方法还需要测试。

以上就是公共WiFi的几种不安全的可能性。我们其实可以看到，想去做到“安全”其实挺难的，至少每个无密码WiFi去设置下不自动连接就是一项大工程。雷锋网也只能提供安全科普，剩下的还要大家自己来做。

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