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file_put_contents - [internal], line ??
Cake\Log\Engine\FileLog::log() - CORE/src/Log/Engine/FileLog.php, line 140
Cake\Log\Log::write() - CORE/src/Log/Log.php, line 392
Cake\Log\Log::warning() - CORE/src/Log/Log.php, line 477
DebugKit\ToolbarService::isSuspiciouslyProduction() - ROOT/vendor/cakephp/debug_kit/src/ToolbarService.php, line 169
DebugKit\ToolbarService::isEnabled() - ROOT/vendor/cakephp/debug_kit/src/ToolbarService.php, line 105
DebugKit\Plugin::bootstrap() - ROOT/vendor/cakephp/debug_kit/src/Plugin.php, line 48
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::pluginBootstrap() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 182
Cake\Http\Server::bootstrap() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 111
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 79
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 40

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            $this->_File->fwrite($contents) &&
            $this->_File->fflush();

SplFileObject::fwrite() - [internal], line ??
Cake\Cache\Engine\FileEngine::set() - CORE/src/Cache/Engine/FileEngine.php, line 141
Cake\Database\Schema\CachedCollection::describe() - CORE/src/Database/Schema/CachedCollection.php, line 85
Cake\ORM\Table::getSchema() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 513
Cake\ORM\Query::addDefaultTypes() - CORE/src/ORM/Query.php, line 290
Cake\ORM\Query::__construct() - CORE/src/ORM/Query.php, line 184
Cake\ORM\Table::query() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 1702
Cake\ORM\Table::find() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 1263
App\Controller\NewsController::action_() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 6437
App\Controller\NewsController::get_data() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5701
App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5625
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3226
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::handle() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 317

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            $this->_File->fwrite($contents) &&
            $this->_File->fflush();

SplFileObject::fwrite() - [internal], line ??
Cake\Cache\Engine\FileEngine::set() - CORE/src/Cache/Engine/FileEngine.php, line 141
Cake\Database\Schema\CachedCollection::describe() - CORE/src/Database/Schema/CachedCollection.php, line 85
Cake\ORM\Table::getSchema() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 513
Cake\ORM\Query::addDefaultTypes() - CORE/src/ORM/Query.php, line 290
Cake\ORM\Query::__construct() - CORE/src/ORM/Query.php, line 184
Cake\ORM\Table::query() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 1702
Cake\ORM\Table::find() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 1263
App\Controller\NewsController::action_() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 6426
App\Controller\NewsController::get_data() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5701
App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5625
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3436
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::handle() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 317

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            $this->_File->fwrite($contents) &&
            $this->_File->fflush();

SplFileObject::fwrite() - [internal], line ??
Cake\Cache\Engine\FileEngine::set() - CORE/src/Cache/Engine/FileEngine.php, line 141
Cake\Cache\Cache::write() - CORE/src/Cache/Cache.php, line 266
App\Controller\NewsController::action_() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 6766
App\Controller\NewsController::get_data() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5701
App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5625
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3634
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::handle() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 317
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 77
Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/CsrfProtectionMiddleware.php, line 164
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\I18n\Middleware\LocaleSelectorMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/I18n/Middleware/LocaleSelectorMiddleware.php, line 61
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73

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                ),
                E_USER_WARNING
            );

Cake\Cache\Cache::write() - CORE/src/Cache/Cache.php, line 275
App\Controller\NewsController::action_() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 6766
App\Controller\NewsController::get_data() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5701
App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5625
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3634
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::handle() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 317
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 77
Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/CsrfProtectionMiddleware.php, line 164
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\I18n\Middleware\LocaleSelectorMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/I18n/Middleware/LocaleSelectorMiddleware.php, line 61
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\Http\Middleware\BodyParserMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/BodyParserMiddleware.php, line 157

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Code Context

        $success = $this->_File->ftruncate(0) &&
            $this->_File->fwrite($contents) &&
            $this->_File->fflush();

SplFileObject::fwrite() - [internal], line ??
Cake\Cache\Engine\FileEngine::set() - CORE/src/Cache/Engine/FileEngine.php, line 141
Cake\Cache\Cache::write() - CORE/src/Cache/Cache.php, line 266
App\Controller\NewsController::action_() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 6766
App\Controller\NewsController::get_data() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5701
App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5625
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3663
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::handle() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 317
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 77
Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/CsrfProtectionMiddleware.php, line 164
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\I18n\Middleware\LocaleSelectorMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/I18n/Middleware/LocaleSelectorMiddleware.php, line 61
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73

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                ),
                E_USER_WARNING
            );

Cake\Cache\Cache::write() - CORE/src/Cache/Cache.php, line 275
App\Controller\NewsController::action_() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 6766
App\Controller\NewsController::get_data() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5701
App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5625
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3663
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::handle() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 317
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 77
Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/CsrfProtectionMiddleware.php, line 164
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\I18n\Middleware\LocaleSelectorMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/I18n/Middleware/LocaleSelectorMiddleware.php, line 61
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\Http\Middleware\BodyParserMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/BodyParserMiddleware.php, line 157

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                      $a=unserialize($line2);
               }

unserialize - [internal], line ??
App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5571
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3698
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::handle() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 317
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 77
Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/CsrfProtectionMiddleware.php, line 164
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\I18n\Middleware\LocaleSelectorMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/I18n/Middleware/LocaleSelectorMiddleware.php, line 61
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\Http\Middleware\BodyParserMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/BodyParserMiddleware.php, line 157
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 161
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73

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                      $a=unserialize($line2);
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unserialize - [internal], line ??
App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5571
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
App\Controller\NewsController::article_show() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 4290
App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3822
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::handle() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 317
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 77
Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/CsrfProtectionMiddleware.php, line 164
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\I18n\Middleware\LocaleSelectorMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/I18n/Middleware/LocaleSelectorMiddleware.php, line 61
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\Http\Middleware\BodyParserMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/BodyParserMiddleware.php, line 157
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 161

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Code Context

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                      $a=unserialize($line2);
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unserialize - [internal], line ??
App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5571
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
App\Controller\NewsController::article_show() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 4310
App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3822
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::handle() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 317
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 77
Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/CsrfProtectionMiddleware.php, line 164
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\I18n\Middleware\LocaleSelectorMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/I18n/Middleware/LocaleSelectorMiddleware.php, line 61
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\Http\Middleware\BodyParserMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/BodyParserMiddleware.php, line 157
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 161

爱国？环保？特斯拉电池工厂为何将用本土矿产

互联网 2014-04-02 13:35:32 转载来源: 网络整理/侵权必删

AS网站目录科技讯 4月1日消息据国外媒体报道，美国电动汽车生产商特斯拉(Tesla Motors Inc.)计划在北美地区就地取材，建设耗资达50亿美元名为Gigafactory的电池工厂。这家硅谷公司将不会在海外寻找石墨、钴和其它原材料，特斯拉发言人利兹・哈维斯-西恩(Liz Jarvis-Shean)这样说道

AS网站目录科技讯 4月1日消息据国外媒体报道，美国电动汽车生产商特斯拉(Tesla Motors Inc.)计划在北美地区就地取材，建设耗资达50亿美元名为Gigafactory的电池工厂。这家硅谷公司将不会在海外寻找石墨、钴和其它原材料，特斯拉发言人利兹・哈维斯-西恩(Liz Jarvis-Shean)这样说道。

“它将帮助我们在本地确立一个供应链市场，关注于减少环境影响，同时大幅度降低电池成本。”这一举措强调了边石石墨污染以及广泛流传的有关该公司对避免使用来自全球动荡地区，例如非洲中部的工业矿物的敏感性。中国政府已经开始关闭产生石墨的矿山，石墨是锂离子电池的重要组成成分，3月14日彭博新闻社这样报道。

特斯拉“是一家备受瞩目的公司，它目前进入了供应链透明的时期”，伦敦工业矿物数据(Industrial Minerals Data)的分析师西蒙・莫尔斯(Simon Moores)这样表示。

制造了售价高达71070美元的Model S电动轿车的特斯拉表示，公司目前使用的石墨“绝大部分”来自日本和欧洲市场，而且都是化学合成的，而非是天然开采的。哈维斯-西恩指出，公司倾向于使用合成原料。

高成本？

根据伦敦工业矿物数据的信息显示，在中国开采的天然石墨是全世界各地的电池所使用的主要材料。中国作为最大的石墨生产国，正在关闭一系列矿场，并对有关企业和工厂进行整治，尽管全球对石墨的需求在高速增长。

特斯拉的采购策略在电池行业里是独树一帜的，美国清洁技术市场调研与咨询公司Navigant Research的分析师山姆•杰夫（Sam Jaffe）这样表示。长期追踪调查的分析师们表示，特斯拉可能将利用位于加拿大的石墨矿场。至于钴原料，特斯拉可能会将市场扩展至加拿大以外，在美国明尼苏达州和爱达荷州寻找潜在的供应商。

“他们这么做非常爱国，但是也需要付出成本，何况特斯拉电动汽车的成本已经很高了。” 专门从事锂电池行业研究的咨询公司TRU Group的CEO爱德华・R・安德森(Edward R. Anderson)这样说道。特斯拉德计划是将锂电池的每千瓦时成本降低30%以上，同时减少“物流浪费”，哈维斯-西恩解释道。

成本和污染

Navigant Research的杰夫指出，特斯拉将关注于金属工业运输过程中的成本和污染问题。石墨、钴和其他原材料物质往往需要经过数千英里的运输从矿场到达加工厂，然后再被运至生产商和消费者手中。

Gigafactory因纯粹的规模而在商品市场里占有非常重要的作用。虽然特斯拉需要在美国西部为电池工厂选址，但公司在2月就透露计划每年建造足够多的可再充电锂离子电池，直到2020年，从而为500000辆特斯拉电动车提供能量驱动。这家工厂凭一己之力就能够将全世界锂离子电池的产量翻倍。

在北美寻求原材料可能会打乱商品市场，总部位于美国芝加哥的定价和分析公司Metal Miner的共同创立者图尔特・伯恩斯(Stuart Burns)这样表示。“这完全取决于特斯拉增加产量的速度有多快，以及他们与供应商的合作有多密切，以保证合适的产量和容量。”

短缺的担忧

这家工厂是如此巨大以至于倘若没有了钴的供应，将会出现全球短缺，伯恩斯这样说道。目前全球大约一半的钴原料开采自民主刚果共和国，这个被战争蹂躏的国家的矿业受限于国家官员的腐败。特斯拉表示，该公司的钴原料来自菲律宾，而日本住友金属矿山公司（Sumitomo Metal Mining Co.)去年刚在菲律宾新开设了一间镍-钴矿场。总部位于英国伦敦的贸易公司SFP Metals的钴交易员史蒂芬•英格利什（Stephen English）指出，全球对钴原料的需求正以每年5%甚至更高的速率增长。

“在民主刚果共和国仍有很多尚未开采的钴资源。” 英格利什说道。但刚果的矿产投资者面临着电力短缺、基础设施匮乏和政治不稳定性等问题。根据联合国开发计划署对健康、教育和收入的调查，刚果目前仍然是世界上最贫困的国家。“这个国家的矿业财富，也是它最有价值的资产，正被极少数人榨取。”总部位于英国伦敦、调查对自然资源的开采的非营利组织全球见证组织(Global Witness)的丹尼尔・巴林特-库尔蒂(Daniel Balint-Kurti)这样说道。

矿产资源冲突

虽然石墨和钴都不属于所谓的冲突矿产，但特斯拉的采购策略还是减少使用战争地区，例如刚果东部地区产生的矿物质资源，巴林特・库尔蒂这样说道。今年，美国电子设备制造商，例如苹果和英特尔，首次被要求披露是否使用过来自战争地区的矿产资源。

自1971年起美国就不再开采钴资源，政府还有301吨的钴资源库存，美国地质调查局的数据这样显示。特斯拉可能会将目光转向美国爱达荷州，总部位于加拿大温哥华的Formation Metals Inc. (FCO)公司目前正在那里开采一个钴矿。这家公司需要筹集1.2亿美元的资金完成这个项目，公司发言人里克・洪辛格（Rick Honsinger）这样说道。Formation Metals计划与特斯拉就利用“有道德的来源”的钴资源进行商榷，以避免使用产自刚果的金属所带来的政治风险。

Formation股价

Formation在加拿大多伦多的最后价格每股增加了22%，达到22加拿大分，而在加拿大西北地区研发NICO金-钴-铋-铜项目的加拿大福成矿业公司(Fortune Minerals Ltd.)的股价则增加了10%，达到37.5加拿大分。

电动车辆电池的另一个重要原料锂则主要产自于南美和澳大利亚。供应商，例如美国特种化学品制造商Rockwood Holdings Inc，能够迅速扩大产量以适应日益增加的需求，因此Gigafactory应该不会导致电池价格的大规模上升，安德森这样说道。特斯拉还敲定了Rockwood在美国内华达州银峰基于海水的锂产量，Rockwood还将与FMC Corp.一起在美国北卡罗来纳州生产碳酸盐和氢氧化物形式的锂。总部位于美国加州普莱森顿的Simbol Materials LLC公司正准备建造第一家商业锂工厂。总部位于加拿大多伦多的Avalon Rare Metals Inc. (AVL)是一家以锂以及其他矿物质为主的矿场，它目前在北美还有5个项目正在发展中，它在美国纽约的股价增加了3.6%，达到63美分每股。

更清洁的过程

只有2%的石墨是在加拿大开采的，而在美国没有开采任何石墨，根据美国政府的数据显示。2012年美国产生了141000吨的人工石墨，它主要是利用超级加热的石油焦产生的，后者是炼油的一种副产品。未来还需要另外5个或6个石墨矿场才能满足日益增加的电池产量对原材料的需要，美国稀有金属咨询分析公司Technology Metal Research的首任主管加雷斯•哈彻（Gareth Hatch）这样说道。

在加拿大进行的数个项目将在未来几年里增加石墨的供应量，虽然石墨的价格可能会继续上涨。Navigant Research的杰夫指出，在北美地区生产的石墨将比在中国生产的更加环保，生产过程也更清洁，因为在中国环境法规的执行较为松懈。

特斯拉对美国和全球经济的巨大影响可能会“改变人们运行商业的方式，做决定的方式以及他们解决问题的方式。” 杰夫说道。（艾米丽）

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