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鱼类物种数量越少捕食者攻击越频繁

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2020-04-01 09:01:05 转载来源: 科技日报

科技日报北京3月31日电 (记者张梦然)英国《自然·通讯》杂志31日发表的一项生物多样性调查研究指出,鲨鱼、金枪鱼、旗鱼、马林鱼这类大宗鱼类在温带地区海洋的捕食行为比在赤道附近更多。研究结果挑战了之前的假设,新结论认为捕食者攻击与大洋鱼类的物种数量是呈负相关的

科技日报北京3月31日电 (记者张梦然)英国《自然·通讯》杂志31日发表的一项生物多样性调查研究指出,鲨鱼、金枪鱼、旗鱼、马林鱼这类大宗鱼类在温带地区海洋的捕食行为比在赤道附近更多。研究结果挑战了之前的假设,新结论认为捕食者攻击与大洋鱼类的物种数量是呈负相关的。

对生物多样性进行研究和保护,是当前全球密切关注的问题。因为环境危机两个彼此息息相关的要素,就是气候变化和生物多样性丧失。科学家们一直试图进一步了解各种类生物的行为与多样性之间的关系,从而更好地加以利用。

此前研究认为,越接近赤道,陆地和海洋的生物多样性常常也更高。不过,对陆地生态系统的研究发现,关于种间作用在赤道附近最强的证据并不一致。同时,我们对于大洋中种间作用的地理差异也了解得不多。

此次,瑞士伯尔尼大学科学家马力尤斯·罗伊斯提及其同事,分析了1960年至2014年的中上层(大洋)延绳钓数据集,数据集记录了大宗鱼类捕食者对带饵绳的逾9亿次攻击。他们发现,温带地区(大致在南北纬30°—60°度之间的中纬度带)的捕食者攻击比赤道周围更频繁,且这种模式不随时间改变,在四个洋盆中均一致。中上层鱼类的捕食行为在靠近两极处再次减少,而两极的捕食者主要是海洋哺乳动物、海鸟和深海鱼类。

最新的研究结果挑战了之前的假设——即认为赤道附近的捕食行为最多,且捕食行为与鱼类物种多样性呈正相关。因为以最新调查来看,捕食者攻击与鱼类物种数量是呈负相关的。

因此,这些结果有助于解释一项最近的研究发现,即海洋鱼类的物种形成率(新的不同物种的形成)在远离赤道处会增加,因为此前有研究指出,种间作用可以促进物种形成。

标签: 鱼类 物种 数量 越少 食者 攻击 频繁


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