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森林火灾后 真菌网络如何促进生态系统恢复 - 站长搜索
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森林火灾后 真菌网络如何促进生态系统恢复

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2020-03-21 16:16:07 转载来源: 快科技

据外媒报道,自去年9月至今,澳大利亚东海岸的史无前例的森林大火造成了数百万公顷的森林被破坏,超过10亿头动物死亡。火灾已影响到广阔而复杂的地下世界,包括对生态恢复有至关重要的生物:真菌

据外媒报道,自去年9月至今,澳大利亚东海岸的史无前例的森林大火造成了数百万公顷的森林被破坏,超过10亿头动物死亡。火灾已影响到广阔而复杂的地下世界,包括对生态恢复有至关重要的生物:真菌

野火之后让整个地带看起来没有一点生机。然而,在灰烬底下却是一个庞大的真菌生活网络

一种名为丛枝菌根(AM)的真菌,与世界上大多数陆地植物形成共生关系。这意味着大多数植物的生长繁衍与AM真菌相互依赖。菌丝形成了真菌的地下通道,将有价值的营养物质输送给植物。

此外,AM真菌还能影响植物生态系统的其它方面,如幼苗的形成、植物的生长、对草食动物的防御以及不同植物种类之间的竞争。同时,AM真菌的种类和丰富程度决定了植物的成长与多样性。

如将真菌引入到退化和受干扰的地带,植物多样性可增加约70%,促进原生植物的恢复,并抑制杂草入侵。同时,植物的光合作用为AM真菌提供糖分。这意味着没有植物宿主,真菌将无法存活。

研究表明,生活在土壤表层附近的真菌特别容易着火,当大火掠过时,它们往往会被较高的土壤温度杀死。在地表下的真菌则受到相对较好的保护,并可以提供细胞核用于恢复。

2017年通过29项研究的总结表明,大火将真菌种类减少了约28%。鉴于去年丛林大火的严重性,我们可以预期地表下的许多真菌群落也将消失。

研究表明,不同种类的AM真菌能以不同方式支持其植物伙伴。有些擅长提供营养,而另一些在保护植物免受疾病和食草动物的侵害方面更有效。

当然,将真菌放回受火灾影响的环境中,可以确保更快速、更全面地恢复原生植被,包括生存受火灾威胁的濒危植物。但重点是引入哪种真菌。

标签: 森林 火灾 真菌 网络 如何 促进 生态系统 恢复


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