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Cake\ORM\Table::getSchema() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 513
Cake\ORM\Query::addDefaultTypes() - CORE/src/ORM/Query.php, line 290
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App\Controller\NewsController::action_() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 6437
App\Controller\NewsController::get_data() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5701
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Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
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Cake\Database\Schema\CachedCollection::describe() - CORE/src/Database/Schema/CachedCollection.php, line 85
Cake\ORM\Table::getSchema() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 513
Cake\ORM\Query::addDefaultTypes() - CORE/src/ORM/Query.php, line 290
Cake\ORM\Query::__construct() - CORE/src/ORM/Query.php, line 184
Cake\ORM\Table::query() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 1702
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App\Controller\NewsController::action_() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 6426
App\Controller\NewsController::get_data() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5701
App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5625
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Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::handle() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 317

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Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
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Cake\Cache\Cache::write() - CORE/src/Cache/Cache.php, line 275
App\Controller\NewsController::action_() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 6766
App\Controller\NewsController::get_data() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5701
App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5625
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
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Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
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Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
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App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5625
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
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政府应重视中美AI人工智能大战 Spare5 CEO致信特朗普

智能设备 2016-12-05 08:55:17 转载来源: 网络整理/侵权必删

导语：近日，人工智能公司Spare5的CEO Matt Bencke在VentureBeat刊文《Dear President-elect Trump: Please don’t ignore artificial intelligence》，Matt Bencke在文中详细写出特朗普以及各个政府部门和企业该如何协作的方法论。为特朗普提议不要忽视人工智能在国家战略中的重要性，并继续落实奥巴马政府此前未深入执行的人工智能政策

导语：近日，人工智能公司Spare5的CEO Matt Bencke在VentureBeat刊文《Dear President-elect Trump: Please don’t ignore artificial intelligence》，Matt Bencke在文中详细写出特朗普以及各个政府部门和企业该如何协作的方法论。为特朗普提议不要忽视人工智能在国家战略中的重要性，并继续落实奥巴马政府此前未深入执行的人工智能政策。

Spare5 CEO致信特朗普：政府应重视中美AI人工智能大战

以下为正文：

白宫领导层的每次改变都会引发产业界人士的种种猜测，新政府将会接受或取消哪些先前的政策。我希望特朗普总统和他任命的官员为任期做好准备，以确保人工智能为美国在经济竞争中抢得优势。

众所周知，奥巴马前段时间发布了人工智能研发报告，在公共投资、鼓励私有和公共部门合作、国家安全、公共安全、多样性和道德等方面给出较为均衡的建议。然而，这是一个好的开始，但尚未深入。

在此环境下，我想为新一届政府提出一些建议。

让美国再次成为第一

我们过去在创新上取得的成功并不能保证美国未来的地位。广大民众很容易把“美国把世界带入太空，智能武器、互联网和云计算时代”这些事都视为理所当然。

但我想说的是，AI虽不像把一个人送上月球一样具有传奇色彩，但千万别小看它：AI将主宰下一波经济增长和国家安全。美国经济增长缓慢，且分布不均，我们的政府必须发挥领导作用。

10倍投资：在非保密类型AI研发方面，2016年美国政府总投资约12亿美元。这个数目不及IBM今年对AI的投资，也不及政府在研发总投入的1%。如果特朗普想刺激经济，没有什么项目会比投资人工智能带来更强劲的经济增长。

相关权力集中和推动问责制：如果你想将的政府投资提高十倍，但又不想让这项事业在几十个官僚机构之间的利益战中耗竭，可以将AI研发集中在一个专家团队中，以便对美国纳税人负责。我的提议是让美国国防部先进研究项目局（DARPA）来负责。这家机构为我们带来了互联网，引领着自动驾驶，也正在推动保密AI方面的投资。

全球化竞争：美国需要拥有并采用我们可以获取的最优创新知识，然而，认为我们自己能单独创造这切想法是很天真。美国国防部先进研究项目局应扩大其已大获成功的“大挑战”模式，迎接世界上最好的研究人员跨领域的竞争，而这些领域将在未来十年被人工智能转变。

让企业家服务于国家

世界各大巨头均投资数十亿美金加入人工智能研发梯队。他们有足够大的体量和能力要求自己在华盛顿的相关决策中占有一席之地。但他们也是科技的既得利益者，而大多数颠覆性的AI创新将来自那些初创公司。

吸引创新者。国防部长阿什·卡特创建了国防数字服务（Defense Digital Service），安全地纳入来自私有机构的最佳创新项目。下一届政府应鼓励并扩大这个单位，以便五角大楼和国土安全部更快地吸收最好的创新项目。网络战争、无人机以及移民和游客筛选系统均需要借助AI的力量来保护国家的安全。此外，五角大楼应加强在国防科技创新实验单元（DIUX）的努力，利用初创企业的最佳成果，这其中也包括投资初创企业。

社会问题不可避免，但收益可以社会均摊

人工智能的浪潮是不可避免的。它会打乱很多传统工作结构，这是一个很大的社会问题。但就像自动取款机创造了更多银行就业机会一样，人工智能也可以，如果我们能事先做足准备。

进行工作再培训：工厂、仓库和运输中的许多工作岗位将被取代。这将需要协调企业和政府等多方面的关系，以确保受到影响的人最终能获得更好的工作机会。特朗普谈到了大规模的基础设施投资。在富兰克林.罗斯福总统时代，这意味着修桥铺路。而在今天，这意味着像田纳西工程那样规模的再培训计划。

全民教育：从Code.org等机构中获取信息，广泛传播计算机教育的好处。

推动智能医疗：在美国，每六美元中就有一美元流入了医疗行业。然而，很少有人认为我们的医疗保健系统是完善的。想想退伍军人事务部吧，他们中间绝大多数医疗记录还没进行数字化。人工智能可以穿透这类数据的迷雾，帮助医疗提供商更快速有效地实现合适的护理。

制造“有道德”的机器

我们离创造出有感情的机器人还有很远的距离，但道德问题已经迫在眉睫。以自动驾驶为例，当无人车处于无法刹车的紧急状态，如何做出至关重要的决策：是撞向孩子，还是撞向马路边上？

我们正在教计算机去看、听、说、思考。然而，谁是“我们”？要想了解人工智能犯错带来的严重社会后果，只需看看Pro Publica在预测犯罪软件中对黑人的歧视就能知道。我们应鼓励所有学校通过发布可选课程，将伦理融入计算机科学，工程和数学课程。主管部门应要求研发资金的获得者们接受训练以觉察偏见。

中国蓄势待发，美国需迎接挑战

AI是一场竞赛，中国已加入到这场角逐当中，蓄势待发，其在人工智能技术以及商业化产品落地方面愈发成熟。美国不仅不能忽视这次的人工智能浪潮，更需要与其他经济体展开正面较量，以保证自己的地位。此外，我们需要打破“计算机与人对立”的概念。人与计算智能的结合可成为推动社会进步的强大力量。

使人类成为超人。埃森哲CTO Paul Daugherty最近开玩笑说到，“我们研发人工智能的目标不是使它超越人类，而是使人类超越自己。”

特朗普和他的顾问团队将有机会激励我们的国家运用人工智能治愈癌症、保卫国家安全，使我们的劳动者成为世界上有生产力的劳动者。