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可精确识别身份 美科学家发现大脑专属“指纹” - 站长搜索
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可精确识别身份 美科学家发现大脑专属“指纹”

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2016-11-18 08:25:14 转载来源: 网络整理/侵权必删

北京时间11月18日消息,据国外媒体报道,一项最新研究称,每个人的大脑都有自己独有的“指纹”。该研究利用扩散核磁共振造影技术,绘制了人脑的结构连接图谱

北京时间11月18日消息,据国外媒体报道,一项最新研究称,每个人的大脑都有自己独有的“指纹”。该研究利用扩散核磁共振造影技术,绘制了人脑的结构连接图谱。

美科学家发现大脑专属“指纹”:可精确识别身份

▲该研究由卡耐基梅隆大学的科学家领导。他们共采用了五个数据库的数据,分析了699颗人脑的连接图谱。结果发现,每个人的大脑都拥有独一无二的“指纹”。

美科学家发现大脑专属“指纹”:可精确识别身份

▲该团队共开展了17000多次实验,能够以接近百分之百的准确率,判断出两处连接图谱是否属于同一个人。

科学家早就怀疑,每个人脑都具有自己独一无二的特征。而如今研究人员终于证明,我们能够利用这些特征,以接近百分之百的精确识别出某个人的身份。此外,该研究成果还能帮助我们更好地了解疾病、环境和其它因素会对大脑产生怎样的影响。

该研究由卡耐基梅隆大学的科学家领导,并由美国陆军提供资金支持。他们共采用了五个数据库的数据,分析了699颗人脑的连接图谱,即大脑白质中的点对点连接,而不是不同脑区之间的连接。接下来,研究人员利用扩散核磁共振成像获得的数据,计算出了水分子在大脑白质纤维中的分布情况。这也就是属于每个大脑的独特“指纹”。该团队共开展了17000多次实验,能够以接近百分之百的准确率,判断出两处连接图谱是否属于同一个人。

“最令人兴奋的是,我们可以将这种新方法运用到现有数据之中,从中发现未知的新信息。”该研究的第一作者、匹兹堡大学的助理教授弗兰克・叶(Fang-Cheng(Frank)Yeh)指出,“这能让我们更好地研究基因和环境因素是如何对人脑产生影响的,从而为我们打开了一扇了解人脑何时正常运作、何时功能失调的大门。”

研究人员还发现,就连同卵双胞胎的大脑之间也存在这种区别。扫描结果显示,同卵双胞胎的大脑结构连接模式只有12%是相同的。并且,大脑的“指纹”还会随着时间而变化,平均每过100天会更新13%的内容。

“研究结果证实了神经科学领域的一项假设,即每个人大脑中的连接模式都是独一无二的。”卡耐基梅隆大学的心理学助理教授提摩西・威尔斯迪南(Timothy Verstynen)指出。“这说明你的生活经历可以在大脑的连接模式中有所体现。”

“我们将会着手研究,如果一部分人群有着共同的经历,如经历了贫困、或患有同一种疾病等,这些经历是否会体现在他们的大脑连接模式中,这将帮助我们研发新的生物标记物,更好地攻克相关疾病。”

标签: 精确 识别 身份 科学家 发现 大脑 专属 指纹


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