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重大突破!美国研制出首个非半导体光微控电子器件 - 站长搜索
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重大突破!美国研制出首个非半导体光微控电子器件

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2016-11-10 14:25:18 转载来源: 网络整理/侵权必删

半导体是我们生活中常见的电子器件材料,但却有人想办法要摆脱它的限制,例如美国加利福尼亚大学的工程师们,就制造出了第一个非半导体光微控电子器件。半导体材料虽然具备诸多优点,但也有其缺陷

半导体是我们生活中常见的电子器件材料,但却有人想办法要摆脱它的限制,例如美国加利福尼亚大学的工程师们,就制造出了第一个非半导体光微控电子器件。

重大突破!美国研制出首个非半导体光微控电子器件

半导体材料虽然具备诸多优点,但也有其缺陷。由于半导体的绝缘特性,其内部存在一个叫“带隙”的东西,这就使得电子在通过时需要施加额外的能量。

同时,由于电子在半导中会不断与原子发生碰撞,其速率也会受到一定的影响。

既然如此,能不能让电子直接从真空中通过呢?

然而,要将电子从材料中释放出来也不是件容易的事,要么得施加至少100伏特的高电压,要么是使用大功率激光器或是大于1000华氏度(约537.77摄氏度)的高温。但无论哪一种方法,对于微米和纳米级设备都不实用。

因此,研究人员制造了一个微尺度器件,不需要在极端条件下也能释放电子,长这样的:

重大突破!美国研制出首个非半导体光微控电子器件

底部是硅晶片,中间是一层二氧化硅,顶部为一种“超颖表面材料”(metasurface,一种在衬底表面加工出的超薄金属微纳结构材料),对,就是长得像蘑菇的那块……这些蘑菇状的材料构成了平行阵列。

之所以将“超颖表面”设计成蘑菇状,是因为在低于10伏的直流电压和低功率红外激光器的作用下,它会产生具有高强度电场的“热点”,提供足够的能量将电子从金属中“拽”出来,将其释放到空间中。

重大突破!美国研制出首个非半导体光微控电子器件

测试结果显示,系统中的导电率增加了10倍(1000%),研究人员表示“这足以实现开关状态,即作为光学电闸”。

领导这一研究团队的Sievenpiper表示,这样的材料不会取代所有的半导体,但在某些特殊应用场景下,它会比半导体更为有效,例如作为功率放大器或光电检测器等,因为它能以较少的电阻工作,并处理更高的功率。

标签: 重大 突破 美国 研制出 首个 半导体 微控 电子器件


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