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Cake\Cache\Engine\FileEngine::set() - CORE/src/Cache/Engine/FileEngine.php, line 141
Cake\Database\Schema\CachedCollection::describe() - CORE/src/Database/Schema/CachedCollection.php, line 85
Cake\ORM\Table::getSchema() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 513
Cake\ORM\Query::addDefaultTypes() - CORE/src/ORM/Query.php, line 290
Cake\ORM\Query::__construct() - CORE/src/ORM/Query.php, line 184
Cake\ORM\Table::query() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 1702
Cake\ORM\Table::find() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 1263
App\Controller\NewsController::action_() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 6437
App\Controller\NewsController::get_data() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5701
App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5625
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3226
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
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Cake\Cache\Engine\FileEngine::set() - CORE/src/Cache/Engine/FileEngine.php, line 141
Cake\I18n\TranslatorRegistry::get() - CORE/src/I18n/TranslatorRegistry.php, line 206
Cake\I18n\I18n::getTranslator() - CORE/src/I18n/I18n.php, line 148
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App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3420
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::handle() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 317
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 77
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Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\I18n\Middleware\LocaleSelectorMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/I18n/Middleware/LocaleSelectorMiddleware.php, line 61
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\Http\Middleware\BodyParserMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/BodyParserMiddleware.php, line 157
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Cake\Cache\Engine\FileEngine::set() - CORE/src/Cache/Engine/FileEngine.php, line 141
Cake\Database\Schema\CachedCollection::describe() - CORE/src/Database/Schema/CachedCollection.php, line 85
Cake\ORM\Table::getSchema() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 513
Cake\ORM\Query::addDefaultTypes() - CORE/src/ORM/Query.php, line 290
Cake\ORM\Query::__construct() - CORE/src/ORM/Query.php, line 184
Cake\ORM\Table::query() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 1702
Cake\ORM\Table::find() - CORE/src/ORM/Table.php, line 1263
App\Controller\NewsController::action_() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 6426
App\Controller\NewsController::get_data() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5701
App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5625
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3436
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
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App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5571
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3698
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::handle() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 317
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 77
Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/CsrfProtectionMiddleware.php, line 164
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\I18n\Middleware\LocaleSelectorMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/I18n/Middleware/LocaleSelectorMiddleware.php, line 61
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\Http\Middleware\BodyParserMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/BodyParserMiddleware.php, line 157
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 161
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App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5571
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
App\Controller\NewsController::article_show() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 4290
App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3822
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::handle() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 317
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 77
Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/CsrfProtectionMiddleware.php, line 164
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\I18n\Middleware\LocaleSelectorMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/I18n/Middleware/LocaleSelectorMiddleware.php, line 61
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\Http\Middleware\BodyParserMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/BodyParserMiddleware.php, line 157
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
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Code Context

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App\Controller\NewsController::action_cache() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5571
App\Controller\NewsController::cache_action() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 5281
App\Controller\NewsController::article_show() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 4310
App\Controller\NewsController::view() - APP/Controller/NewsController.php, line 3822
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 539
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::handle() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 140
Cake\Controller\ControllerFactory::invoke() - CORE/src/Controller/ControllerFactory.php, line 115
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::handle() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 317
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 77
Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/CsrfProtectionMiddleware.php, line 164
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\Middleware\BodyParserMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Http/Middleware/BodyParserMiddleware.php, line 157
Cake\Http\Runner::handle() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 73
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::process() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 161

Alphabet究竟是什么？谷歌走上“不归路”

互联网 2015-08-16 15:00:14 转载来源: 网络整理/侵权必删

注：原文来自 MIT Technology Review，虎嗅编译。2011 年乔布斯去世之前，他曾经对 Google 的联合创始人兼 CEO 拉里•佩奇 (Larry Page) 表示，后者的公司想要做的事情太多了

谷歌走上“不归路”：Alphabet究竟是什么？

注：原文来自 MIT Technology Review，虎嗅编译。

2011 年乔布斯去世之前，他曾经对 Google 的联合创始人兼 CEO 拉里•佩奇 (Larry Page) 表示，后者的公司想要做的事情太多了。而佩奇随后在接受《金融时报》采访时回应说，“如果我们只是做和之前一模一样的事情，而没有新东西，对我来说那就像是犯罪。”但是佩奇也承认，从某个角度来说，乔布斯是对的：他只能管理那么多业务，而有太多的事情会在这个过程中出现问题。

这种欲望――去尝试新事物而不计较它有多么奇怪且与 Google 的核心搜索、广告业务不沾边，却仍旧寻找一种方法使其结出果实――解释了佩奇周一惊人的举动，他宣布将成立一家名为 Alphabet 的控股公司，将 Google 赢利丰厚的广告相关业务、Android 手机软件和 YouTube 视频网站与无人驾驶汽车、人类长寿计划、互联网通信气球和 Nest 智能家具设备等等分隔开来，其中每一种都很可能在未来成为完全独立的子公司。

这一举动虽然受到投资者的欢迎，却只不过是 Google 实现其公司愿景的第一步而已：“让 Google 成为一家基业常青的公司，让世界变得更好。”在一些管理专家看来，只有 Alphabet 的每一个独立项目和公司足够成功并且能够最终分拆出来，Alphabet 才能取得成功。新的公司架构为实现这一点创造了条件，但是肯定无法确保这一点。

首先要消除的是这样一种假设：佩奇和另一位联合创始人谢尔盖•布林 (Sergey Brin) 成立了一家互联网领域的伯克希尔•哈撒韦 (Berkshire Hathaway)，也就是所谓的沃伦•巴菲特 (Warren Buffett) 帝国更新版。“这种比较是很蠢的，”MIT 斯隆商学院教授 Michael A. Cusumano 表示。他说，投资现存的价值被低估的公司，有点像共同基金的做法，与 Alphabet 专注有风险新项目的 VC 风格相比，恰恰相反。

哈佛商学院国际商业管理教授 David B. Yoffie 表示，如果佩奇和布林想要 Alphabet 像 Berkshire Hathaway 甚至是通用电气 (General Electric) 那样运作的话，他们会遇到麻烦。“他们与成功科技企业的运作方式不同，”他指出，“我对此持怀疑态度，因为在科技领域出现一个帝国公司的架构是非常困难的。”

即便是和业务接近的公司相比，科技巨头如三星、微软、IBM 和惠普，其公司管理始终很困难。更糟糕的是，这些公司发现对于新产品和服务的资本化，难度甚至更大。Yoffie 表示，传统意义上的回报标准，如现金流，对于新创的科技公司来说并不适用，所以新业务往往能获得的资源和管理层注意力都很有限。

这一点恰恰是佩奇和布林下定目标要 Alphabet 避免的状况――在佩奇发布的博客文章中，Alphabet 也有“alpha-bet”的意思，意即获得高于标准的投资回报。“每一个项目的自由度可能更高了，”乔治城大学商学院副教授 Sezer Ulku 表示，“每一个业务也会被更加公平对待。”

而此次重组的时机，实际上，可能也显示出至少一些看上去已经成型的项目距离商业化更近。Nest 是 2014 年 1 月收购的，目前已经在出售家用恒温器和烟雾报警器装置。Google 的无人驾驶汽车目前进展还行，即便目前还不明朗它会成为怎样的一种业务。提供互联网接入服务的气球计划现在已经不那么像是纯科学研究了。“这些技术当中至少有六个以上已经跨越了风险点，”斯坦福法学院公司治理研究中心的学者 Vivek Wadhwa 这样说道，“这个投资组合当中，已经有两、三个可能与 Google 相提并论的项目。”

尽管如此，更加专注每一个新项目所带来的益处，只有在其中一些能够成为独立公司的时候，才能最终实现――如果无法做到这一点，那么可能就要关闭。“这仍旧是一个疯狂的投资组合，”Ulku 认为。“从某种意义上说，它一定要分拆成更加合理的部分才行。”

特别要指出的是，这些不同的部分需要在合理范围的近期成为独立公司，而不是一直待在拉里和谢尔盖的大技术沙盒里面。这种战略“只有在他们分拆公司的情况下才说得通”，因为能创造价值，Cusumano 这样认为，“投资者希望在世的时候能够看到结果。”

无论是哪一种情况，这次涉及广泛的重组将 Google / Alphabet 送上了一条轨道，如果其并不奏效的话，那么未来做出调整会十分困难，因为这可比简单承诺将 Google 和 Alphabet 的财报分开递交复杂多了。“这次重组展现了他们投入的决心，”Yoffie 说道，“但是未来的弹性空间更小了。” 总之，佩奇和布林已经在一个无法轻易回头的承诺上，下了赌注。

标签: Alphabet 究竟是什么谷歌走上不归路

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