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古人如何戍边? - 站长搜索
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古人如何戍边?

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2020-08-24 09:03:06 转载来源: 环球网

1200多年前,唐朝士兵是如何在“大漠孤烟直”的边塞戍守的?新疆文物考古研究所对克亚克库都克烽燧遗址的发掘与初步研究,正在解开这一谜团。 这次考古发掘的烽燧遗址,位于巴音郭楞蒙古自治州尉犁县东南90公里处的荒漠中

1200多年前,唐朝士兵是如何在“大漠孤烟直”的边塞戍守的?新疆文物考古研究所对克亚克库都克烽燧遗址的发掘与初步研究,正在解开这一谜团。

这次考古发掘的烽燧遗址,位于巴音郭楞蒙古自治州尉犁县东南90公里处的荒漠中。去年9月到今年6月期间,考古学者在此展开考古发掘。

“出土遗物和碳十四测年表明,烽燧遗址修筑于唐代,是安西四镇之一焉耆镇下为防止吐蕃入侵而修筑的军事设施。当年,应该是一处基层军事机构‘游弈所’的驻地。”新疆文物考古研究所副研究馆员、克亚克库都克烽燧遗址考古工作队领队胡兴军说。

学者对出土纸文书、木牍初步释读后发现,孔雀河沿线烽燧遍布着各级军事设施,驻守在烽燧的士兵需按“值班表”定时外出巡逻,观察“楼兰路”上来往商旅情况,并搜集军事情报,还要在烽燧站岗放哨。

“遗址出土了保存完整、字迹清晰的木牍,上面记载着烽铺与游弈所间‘计会交牌’与平安火制度,士兵们很可能就是按照这些规章制度履行职责的。”胡兴军说。

烽燧遗址邻近罗布泊一带,自然环境恶劣。胡兴军说,烽燧西侧发现的三间半地穴式房屋很可能是士兵唯一的避暑场所。

烽燧附近还发掘出大量马鹿、野猪、天鹅以及多种鱼类的骨头。“从中原运来的粮食不一定充足,因此士兵需要猎取野味进行补给。”胡兴军推测说。

“河州、雍州、岐州、幽州……”透过埋藏在干燥沙土中的账单、私人信札、书籍册页等纸文书,考古学者发现士兵的家大都相距遥远,真可谓“浊酒一杯家万里”!

“兵源主要来自今天的华北、西北地区,按照当时的行军速度计算,他们从家乡赶到驻地,就要耗时数月。”胡兴军说。

烽燧遗址出土的纸文书还包括《孝经》《韩朋赋》《游仙窟》等。胡兴军认为,戍边官兵把一些典籍、文学及文化观念带到了西域,客观上促进了中原与西域的文化交流。

有关专家表示,对克亚克库都克烽燧遗址的发掘和发现,不仅有助于深入研究唐代边塞生活和军事管理制度,也实证了唐王朝对西域的有效管治。

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